Taxonomy of centralization in public blockchain systems: A systematic literature review

Bitcoin introduced delegation of control over a monetary system from select few to all who participate in that system. This is known as the decentralization controlling power and powerful security mechanism for ecosystem. After introduction Bitcoin, field cryptocurrency has seen widespread attention industry academia, so much original novel contribution i.e., decentralization, may be overlooked, due decentralizations’ assumed fundamental existence functioning such crypto-assets. However, recent studies have observed trend increased centralization cryptocurrencies Ethereum. As this an impact blockchain, it crucial measured, towards adequate control. research derives initial taxonomy present decentralized blockchains through rigorous synthesis using systematic literature review. followed by iterative refinement expert interviews. We systematically analyzed 89 papers published between 2009 2019. Our study contributes existing body knowledge highlighting multiple definitions measurements literature. identify different aspects propose encompassing concerns. based on empirically observable measurable characteristics. It consists 13 centralization, classified six architectural layers: Governance, Network, Consensus, Incentive, Operational, Application. also discuss how implications can vary depending studied. believe review provides comprehensive overview involving various conceptualizations measures.